Understanding ii-V-I Progressions

What Makes ii-V-I Special?

The ii-V-I progression is the foundation of jazz harmony and appears in countless songs across all genres. It creates a sense of tension and resolution that sounds natural to our ears.

In the key of C major, the ii-V-I progression uses these chords:

• ii = Dm (D minor)
• V = G (G major)
• I = C (C major)

Why ii-V-I Works So Well

1. Circle of Fifths Movement

Each chord moves by a fifth: D → G → C. This follows the natural harmonic series and sounds inevitable to our ears.

2. Voice Leading

The notes between chords move smoothly:

• D moves to D (common tone)
• F moves to G (step up)
• A moves to B (step up)

3. Harmonic Function

Each chord has a clear role:

• ii (Dm) - Subdominant function, creates mild tension
• V (G) - Dominant function, creates strong pull to resolution
• I (C) - Tonic function, provides satisfying resolution

ii-V-I in Different Keys

The beauty of ii-V-I is that it works in every key. Here are common examples:

Songs That Use ii-V-I

This progression appears in countless famous songs:

• "Autumn Leaves" - Classic jazz standard
• "All The Things You Are" - Multiple ii-V-I progressions
• "Fly Me to the Moon" - Clear ii-V-I movement
• "Girl from Ipanema" - Bossa nova classic

Practice Tips for Guitarists

1. Learn in Multiple Keys

Start with easy keys like C, G, and F. Gradually work through all 12 keys.

2. Practice Voice Leading

Focus on smooth voice leading between chords. Look for common tones and step-wise motion.

3. Add Extensions

Try ii7-V7-Imaj7 for a more sophisticated jazz sound:

• Dm7 → G7 → Cmaj7

Frequently Asked Questions